The most significant source of indoor air pollution (IAP) in rural areas remains using unclean fuels like solid biomass for cooking activities. It releases high concentrations of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic carbons (VOCs), etc. Therefore, burning such fuels in enclosed spaces such as small household kitchens is a major risk factor for aggravation of respiratory diseases. To understand this in detail, a monitoring campaign was carried out in selected houses from Mysore, Karnataka. Seminar I presented the preliminary monitoring and data analysis results on indoor air quality and comfort parameters. The results showed that indoor separate kitchens had 3.5 times higher PM concentrations than open kitchens. Similarly, kitchens using improved cookstoves showed pollutant concentrations up to 1.8 times lower than the traditional mud or concrete cookstoves commonly used in rural areas. It also included a dosimetry model to predict the particulate matter lung deposition in women. In the present seminar, the physico-chemical characteristics of the particulate matter from the kitchen locations are studied in detail. A controlled burn of the fuels was also carried out for data and sample collections. The later part of the study includes designing and developing an air purification or pollution control system. The multi-stage kitchen smoke extractor was designed specifically for use in the kitchen microenvironments of rural households that rely on solid biomass fuels for their cooking and heating needs. Testing and performance evaluation of the developed system was carried out using chamber studies and real-world field examinations.