Transportation is the primary, most cost-absorbing component, accounting for almost half to two-thirds of logistics costs. The transportation and distribution network adds value to the physical flow of products and services of any logistic chain. Efficient transportation in a logistic chain contributes to greater competition in the marketplace, better scale of economies in the production, and consequently reduced prices of products. In addition to its essential role in enhancing operational efficiency and customer satisfaction, better transportation can help to reduce carbon footprint and GHG emissions, promoting sustainability and circular economy. Our study explores the domain of transport logistics by identifying and addressing research gaps within its types, namely, inbound, inplant, outbound and reverse logistics. Application of optimization and operations research techniques are explored within various practices in transport logistics to propose theoretical and practical implications. The present work aims for three major studies. The first study presents integrated inbound and inplant logistics to provide complete visibility in the movement of part containers within a manufacturing plant. The second study deals with outbound logistics and the application of electric vehicles with real-life charging and discharging considerations. The third study studies the role of transportation in reverse logistics and in integrating forward and reverse logistics to promote a circular economy. The research aims to contribute to areas of transport logistics by identifying and addressing both quantitative and qualitative aspects within all its types.