The ongoing energy transition has gained significant momentum, with its core objectives
revolving around energy systems' digitization, decarbonization, and democratization.
Accomplishing a seamless transition requires not only the enhancement of existing energy
infrastructures but also the expansion of novel technologies from niche to market. Among
these emerging technologies, green hydrogen stands out as a promising contender. Its
potential as an energy carrier lies in its capacity for conversion through Power-to-X
processes. However, the integration of such innovative technologies necessitates the
establishment of regulations and standards for their production pathways.
This study aims to assess a feasible pathway for standardizing the production of green
hydrogen in the context of India. Initially, an exhaustive life-cycle analysis is conducted on a
1MW PEM electrolyzer to quantify the potential environmental impacts associated with its
manufacturing. A sensitivity analysis of the material used for bipolar plates (coated or
uncoated stainless steel) reveals an interesting compromise on the quality or quantity of
hydrogen produced. In the second phase of this study, a comprehensive life-cycle inventory
of material requirements is compiled, and a modified analysis of critical raw materials is
performed to identify crucial materials for electrolyzer production within the Indian scenario.
Furthermore, the emissions embedded in green hydrogen produced using renewable energy
sources are evaluated. A sensitivity analysis, contrasting Annual vs. Full Life Cycle
Operation, underscores the significance of a precise definition for green hydrogen while
illuminating the core problem of identifying how “green” is green hydrogen.
This study emphasizes the imperative of a well-defined standard for green hydrogen, a
foundational element that, in turn, facilitates the development of credible certificates of
origin, thereby promoting sustainable green hydrogen trade.