In recent years, there has been a tremendous growth in the field of materials science and engineering. The advancement in technological development has paved the way for the invention of highly sophisticated and specialized materials. Such materials are inherently characterized by their unique structure and properties. The thermal conductivity (k) and specific heat capacity (cp) are important thermal properties which are often measured or estimated by heat transfer engineers. The present study focuses on development of a novel experimental methodology for the simultaneous estimation of unknown thermal conductivity (k) and specific heat capacity (cp) of engineering materials using inverse heat transfer method. In inverse heat transfer method, for a known effect (temperature field), the parameters influencing the effect (thermal properties) and sometimes the causes (heat source) are estimated. In general, the inverse heat transfer problem is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to minimize the sum of the squared difference between the measured and simulated temperature. In this work, the experimental method involves radiative heating of the test sample and measuring its temperature response at two different locations. Proper arrangements have been made to realize one-dimensional heat conduction within the test sample. The one-dimensional heat conduction equation with convection-radiation heat loss boundary condition is considered as the forward model as it best mimics the experimental heat transfer. The inverse problem is formulated as a parameter estimation problem, and solved using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. First, numerical estimations are carried out with synthetic temperature data. It is found that the time-dependent heat flux boundary condition is more suitable to estimate the properties of higher thermal conductivity materials. Then, real-time temperature measurements are carried out on Stainless Steel (SS), Mild Steel (MS), Brass (BS), Aluminium (Al), and Copper (Cu) test samples. The estimated k of SS, MS, BS, Al, and Cu is 14.03 (W/(m K)), 54.63 (W/(m K)), 103.21 (W/(m K)), 221.53 (W/(m K)) and 379.89 (W/(m K)), respectively. And, the estimated cp of SS, MS, BS, Al, and Cu is 500.44 (J/(kg K)), 460.84 (J/(kg K)), 395.01 (J/(kg K)), 939.58 (J/(kg K)), and 398.43 (J/(kg K)), respectively. Also, a Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) method is used to measure the thermal properties of wide range of engineering materials. It is found that the estimated k and cp in case of SS has a deviation of 7 % and 4 %, respectively.