Solutions to real world problems require a systems approach. In this talk, we will start with describing systems thinking and walking through the Systems Engineering methodology and framework for developing solutions. This brief walk-thru is followed by the conceptual design of a solid waste management (SWM) system using systems engineering methodology. Designing the SWM system for affordability, environmental effectiveness and other types of effectiveness will be discussed. Applications of tools such as Waste Characterization, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in the development of the system are illustrated with real-life examples of SWM systems in California and elsewhere. Designing of SWMs to support emerging business models such as EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility), while leveraging supportive government policies is briefly examined. Continuing challenges posed by human behavior (Jevon's paradox, for example) and poor governance in the development and operation of SWMs will be highlighted with examples. The talk will conclude with identifying some opportunities for research.