Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, represents a substantial threat to visual integrity. While traditionally regarded as a vascular disorder, emerging evidence supports its characterization as a neurodegenerative disease, affecting different layers of the retina. Studies have demonstrated reduced retinal dopamine concentration in diabetes, correlating with visual survival. DR-associated neuroinflammation has gathered attention for its impact on neuronal survival. Notably, previous research has elucidated the role of dopamine signalling in inhibiting inflammatory mediators in macrophage and microglial cells in the central nervous system. In this study, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy with focus on dopamine synthesis and inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators within the diabetic retina. This study endeavors to provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and dopamine signalling in the context of DR, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention to mitigate neurodegeneration and preserve visual function in diabetic individuals.