The availability of clean water is one of the major global issues of present times. Various pollutants that enter the water bodies pollute them making the water unfit for human consumption. Oxyanions such as nitrate and perchlorate are among those pollutants which have detrimental effects on human health even at low concentrations, especially for infants. Various conventional treatment technologies like adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, chemical and biological reduction are available for the removal of these oxyanions. However, the drawbacks like generation of concentrated brine and/ secondary pollution of treated water restrict their extensive application. Accordingly, application of novel unique integrated system like ion exchange membrane bioreactor (IEMB) is plausible. This technology combines the benefits of two best available technologies i.e., ion exchange process and biological reduction for the removal and reduction of oxyanionsto innocuous forms, without affecting the quality of treated water. Since this technology is still in rudimentary stage, deep understanding is required to meet the demand and affordability.