With the growing thirst for energy and environmental issues, the production and storage of clean energy from renewable sources is a demanding area of research. Significant limitations in the energy production sector are all about toxic pollutant emissions and inefficient energy conversion processes1. On the other hand, energy storage systems also suffer from self-discharging of the stored energy, a lifetime which is inevitable in addition to the usage of toxic metal ions. Hence there is a need for instant energy production systems and storage systems with minimal loss2. Transition metal molybdates are chosen as a better efficient catalyst for energy production and storage due to the structural rigidity, versatile oxidation states, low cost etc. However, tuning morphology and crystal structure is crucial in parallel to the composition of the catalyst material for improved efficiency3,4. Renewable energy sources like water splitting reactions, fuel cells, and photovoltaics are highly selective to the exposed crystal plain of the catalyst material. In addition to the composition and durability of energy storage devices like supercapacitors, batteries are more specific in their structural rigidity of material during charge-discharge cycles4. In this presentation, I will discuss the fundamentals and role of transition metal molybdates in energy production and storage applications.

References
1. Wei Wang, Baoqiang Yuan, Qie Sun, Ronald Wennersten, J. Energy Storage, Vol. 52, Part A, 2022, 104812.
2. Xin Bo, Lingxing Zan, Rouna Jia, Kamran Dastafkan, Chuan Zhao; Curr Opin Electrochem, Vol. 34, 2022, 100987
3. P. Justin, G. Ranga Rao; Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, Vol. 36, 10, 2011, pg 5875-5884.
4. C.V. Ramana, A. Mauger, C.M. Julien; Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact, Vol. 67, Issue 3, 2021, 100533